Combining rigid and deformable groups to construct a robust birefringent crystal for compact polarization components.

There is a pressing demand for the development of novel birefringent crystals tailored for compact optical components, especially for crystals exhibiting large birefringence across a range of temperatures. This has commonly been achieved by introducing various deformable groups with high polarizability anisotropy. In this study, we combined both rigid and deformable groups to synthesise a new birefringent crystal, Al2Te2MoO10, which demonstrates an exceptional birefringence value of 0.29@550 nm at room temperature. Not only is this higher birefringence than that of commercial crystals, but Al2Te2MoO10 exhibits excellent birefringence stability over a wide temperature range, from 123 to 503 K. In addition, the first-principles theory calculations and structural analyses suggest that although the rigid AlO6 groups do not make much contribution to the prominent birefringence, they nonetheless played a role in maintaining the structural anisotropy at elevated temperatures. Based on these findings, this paper proposes a novel structural design strategy to complement conventional approaches for developing optimal birefringent crystals under various environmental conditions.

Quantum spin driven Yu-Shiba-Rusinov multiplets and fermion-parity-preserving phase transition in K3C60.

Magnetic impurities in superconductors are of increasing interest due to emergent Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states and Majorana zero modes for fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, a direct relationship between the YSR multiple states and magnetic anisotropy splitting of quantum impurity spins remains poorly characterized. By using scanning tunneling microscopy, we systematically resolve individual transition-metal (Fe, Cr, and Ni) impurities induced YSR multiplets as well as their Zeeman effects in the K3C60 superconductor. The YSR multiplets show identical d orbital-like wave functions that are symmetry-mismatched to the threefold K3C60(1 1 1) host surface, breaking point-group symmetries of the spatial distribution of YSR bound states in real space. Remarkably, we identify an unprecedented fermion-parity-preserving quantum phase transition between ground states with opposite signs of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy that can be manipulated by an external magnetic field. These findings can be readily understood in terms of anisotropy splitting of quantum impurity spins, and thus elucidate the intricate interplay between the magnetic anisotropy and YSR multiplets.

Diffusion calculations on reconstructed bentonite microstructures with anion exclusion effects.

Due to their prevalence in the lithosphere and their high capability of sorbing pollutants, smectite clays play a foreground role in environmental pollution studies, waste management, and soil science. In complementarity with existing approaches at the molecular or macroscopic scales, real microstructures have been employed to investigate ionic transport by diffusion through montmorillonite and water-saturated Wyoming bentonite at intermediate scales ranging between the nanometer and the micrometer. The coupled solute transport and electrostatic phenomena investigated at the nanopore scale are upscaled using the homogenization of porous media approach. Homogenization computations rely on a hierarchical description of bentonite that acknowledges the existence of pores networks at different scales. At the scale of montmorillonite layers, digitized TEM images have been employed to simulate the diffusion of ionic solutes by considering electrostatic interactions in the vicinity of the negatively charged clay platelets' surface. Finite element microstructures are created after extraction of the contours of the layers using dedicated image processing algorithms. Local electric potential distribution, anion exclusion, and cation inclusion are displayed by ion distribution maps. The effective diffusion tensor and the transport equation obtained through volume averaging are then used to simulate diffusion at the scale of a Wyoming bentonite sample composed of clay gels of variable density, solid grains, and micropores. Qualitative comparisons were made with existing diffusion data, and a particular attention is given to the anisotropy of the diffusion tensors at both the mesoscopic and macroscopic scales.

In-Plane Anisotropy of Electrical Transport in Y0.85Tb0.15Ba2Cu3O7-x Films.

We fabricated high-quality c-axis-oriented epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-x films with 15% of the yttrium atoms replaced by terbium (YTBCO) and studied their electrical properties. The Tb substitution reduced the charge carrier density, resulting in increased resistivity and decreased critical current density compared to pure YBa2Cu3O7-x films. The electrical properties of the YTBCO films showed an in-plane anisotropy in both the superconducting and normal states that, together with the XRD data, provided evidence for, at least, a partially twin-free film. Unexpectedly, the resistive transition of the bridges also demonstrated the in-plane anisotropy that could be explained within the framework of Tinkham's model of resistive transition and the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) model, depending on the sample parameters. Measurements of the differential resistance in the temperature range of the resistive transition confirmed the occurrence of the BKT transition in the YTBCO bridges. Therefore, we consider the YTBCO films to be a promising platform for both the fabrication of devices with high kinetic inductance and fundamental research on the BKT transition in cuprate superconductors.

Earthworm-Inspired Soft Skin Crawling Robot.

Earthworms are fascinating animals capable of crawling and burrowing through various terrains using peristaltic motion and the directional friction response of their epidermis. Anisotropic anchoring governed by tiny appendages on their skin called setae is known to enhance the earthworm's locomotion. A multi-material fabrication technique is employed to produce soft skins with bristles inspired by the earthworm epidermis and their setae. The effect of bristles arranged in triangular and square grids at two spatial densities on the locomotion capability of a simple soft crawling robot comprised of an extending soft actuator covered by the soft skin is investigated experimentally. The results suggest that the presence of bristles results in a rostral to caudal friction ratio of µR/µC > 1 with some variations across bristle arrangements and applied elongations. Doubling the number of bristles increases the robot's speed by a factor of 1.78 for the triangular grid while it is less pronounced for the rectangular grid with a small factor of 1.06. Additionally, it is observed that increasing the actuation stroke for the skin with the high-density triangular grid, from 15% to 30%, elevates the speed from 0.5 to 0.9 mm s-1, but further increases in stroke to 45% may compromise the durability of the actuators with less gains in speed (1 mm s-1). Finally, it is demonstrated that a crawling robot equipped with soft skin can traverse both a linear and a curved channel.

Exploring the Magnetic Interactions in Two Novel Cyanide-bridged Homo- and Heterometallic Hexadecanuclear Complexes.

Two novel isostructural cyanide-bridged hexadecanuclear complexes with the general formula {[Fe(CN)6]6[M{en(Bn)py}]10}2+ [M = Fe (12+), Ni (22+)] have been synthesized. The structural analyses disclose the presence of multivalent Fe centres with different spin states in complex 12+ whereas all the Fe centres share a conserved oxidation state in complex 22+. The DC magnetic study revealed antiferromagnetic interactions between the adjacent metal centres and ferrimagnetic behaviour in 12+. On the other hand, ferromagnetic interactions were observed in complex 22+ due to nearly orthogonal orientation of the interacting orbitals and poor spatial overlap as observed in BS-DFT calculations.

Nonvolatile Electric Control of Antiferromagnet CrSBr.

van der Waals magnets are emerging as a promising material platform for electric field control of magnetism, offering a pathway toward the elimination of external magnetic fields from spintronic devices. A further step is the integration of such magnets with electrical gating components that would enable nonvolatile control of magnetic states. However, this approach remains unexplored for antiferromagnets, despite their growing significance in spintronics. Here, we demonstrate nonvolatile electric field control of magnetoelectric characteristics in van der Waals antiferromagnet CrSBr. We integrate a CrSBr channel in a flash-memory architecture featuring charge trapping graphene multilayers. The electrical gate operation triggers a nonvolatile 200% change in the antiferromagnetic state of CrSBr resistance by manipulating electron accumulation/depletion. Moreover, the nonvolatile gate modulates the metamagnetic transition field of CrSBr and the magnitude of magnetoresistance. Our findings highlight the potential of manipulating magnetic properties of antiferromagnetic semiconductors in a nonvolatile way.

Young guard cells function dynamically despite low mechanical anisotropy but gain efficiency during stomatal maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Stomata are pores at the leaf surface that enable gas exchange and transpiration. The signaling pathways that regulate the differentiation of stomatal guard cells and the mechanisms of stomatal pore formation have been characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the process by which stomatal complexes develop after pore formation into fully mature complexes is poorly understood. We tracked the morphogenesis of young stomatal complexes over time to establish characteristic geometric milestones along the path of stomatal maturation. Using 3D-nanoindentation coupled with finite element modeling of young and mature stomata, we found that despite having thicker cell walls than young guard cells, mature guard cells are more energy efficient with respect to stomatal opening, potentially attributable to the increased mechanical anisotropy of their cell walls and smaller changes in turgor pressure between the closed and open states. Comparing geometric changes in young and mature guard cells of wild-type and cellulose-deficient plants revealed that although cellulose is required for normal stomatal maturation, mechanical anisotropy appears to be achieved by the collective influence of cellulose and additional wall components. Together, these data elucidate the dynamic geometric and biomechanical mechanisms underlying the development process of stomatal maturation.

Nanoparticle Metrology of Silicates Using Time-Resolved Multiplexed Dye Fluorescence Anisotropy, Small Angle X-ray Scattering, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

We investigate the nanometrology of sub-nanometre particle sizes in industrially manufactured sodium silicate liquors at high pH using time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy. Rather than the previous approach of using a single dye label, we investigate and quantify the advantages and limitations of multiplexing two fluorescent dye labels. Rotational times of the non-binding rhodamine B and adsorbing rhodamine 6G dyes are used to independently determine the medium microviscosity and the silicate particle radius, respectively. The anisotropy measurements were performed on the range of samples prepared by diluting the stock solution of silicate to concentrations ranging between 0.2 M and 2 M of NaOH and on the stock solution at different temperatures. Additionally, it was shown that the particle size can also be measured using a single excitation wavelength when both dyes are present in the sample. The recovered average particle size has an upper limit of 7.0 ± 1.2 Å. The obtained results were further verified using small-angle X-ray scattering, with the recovered particle size equal to 6.50 ± 0.08 Å. To disclose the impact of the dye label on the measured complex size, we further investigated the adsorption state of rhodamine 6G on silica nanoparticles using molecular dynamics simulations, which showed that the size contribution is strongly impacted by the size of the nanoparticle of interest. In the case of the higher radius of curvature (less curved) of larger particles, the size contribution of the dye label is below 10%, while in the case of smaller and more curved particles, the contribution increases significantly, which also suggests that the particles of interest might not be perfectly spherical.

Diffusion tensor imaging combined with the dual-echo steady-state (DESS) protocol for the evaluation of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel: A preliminary study.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is diagnosed based on neurological, electrophysiology, and radiological findings. Due to the technical development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the median nerve is evaluated with several MRI protocols. However, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) combined with a dual-echo steady-state (DESS) protocol is not frequently used to evaluate the median nerve of CTS. This study aimed to evaluate the median nerve in the carpal tunnel using DTI combined with a DESS protocol. Methods: Five healthy volunteers and seven patients with CTS were enrolled. The patients underwent MRI for CTS pre- and post-operatively. The median nerve was evaluated using a 3-T MRI scanner. The parameters of the DESS protocol were as follows: Repetition time (TR)/echo time (TE) = 10.83/3.32 ms, slice thickness = 0.45 mm, field of view (FoV) = 350 × 253 × 350 mm, and 3D voxel size = 0.5 × 0.5 ×0.4 mm. The parameters of the DTI sequence were as follows: TR/TE = 4000/86 ms, slice thickness = 3 mm, FoV = 160 × 993 × 90 mm, 3D voxel size = 1.2 × 1.2 ×3.0 mm, and b value = 0.1000 s/mm2. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the median nerve were statistically analyzed. Statistical significance was set at P< 0.05. Results: The FA value of healthy volunteers was 0.576 ± 0.058, while those of the patients were 0.357 ± 0.094 and 0.395 ± 0.062 pre-and post-operatively, respectively. Statistically significant differences were identified between the FA values of healthy volunteers and pre-operative/post-operative patients. The ADC values of healthy volunteers and pre-operative patients were 0.931 ± 0.096 and 1.26 ± 0.282 (10-3 mm2/s), respectively (P< 0.05). Conclusion: This MRI protocol may be useful for evaluating the median nerve in the carpal tunnel.

Large thermoelectric transport in magnetically coupled CrI3/1T-MoS2 vdW heterostructure via spin-charge interconversion.

Low-dimensional materials with prominent thermoelectric (TE) effect play a pivotal role in realizing state-of-the-art nanoscale TE devices. The fusion of TE effect with the magnetism through seamless integration of thermoelectric and magnetic materials in the 2D limit offers access to control longitudinal as well as transverse TE properties via magnetic proximity effect (MPE). Herein, we design a vdW heterostructure of metallic 1T-MoS2 with promising TE properties and a layer-dependent magnetic CrI3 material. The result highlights exotic electronic and magnetic configurations of the designed ML-CrI3/1T-MoS2 vdW heterostructure, which show magnetically-coupled TE characteristics. The observed remarkable magnetic proximity stems from large magnetic anisotropy energy and spin polarization, which are found to be 2.21 meV/Cr and 12.30%, respectively. To this end, the semiconducting CrI3 layer with intrinsic magnetism leads to efficient control and tunability of the observed spin-correlated anomalous Nernst effect (ANE). Moreover, a large dimensionless Figure of merit of ~ 6 and a power factor of ~ 3.8×10^11/τ_° Wm^(-1) K^(-2) s^(-1) near the Fermi level at 300K endorse the rejuvenated TE effect. The strong relativistic spin-orbit coupling validates the significant correlation of TE properties with intrinsic magnetic configuration. The present study underscores the significance of the magnetic proximity-governed TE effect in vdW heterostructures to engineer low-dimensional thermoelectric (TE) devices. .

Mechanical stress combines with planar polarised patterning during metaphase to orient embryonic epithelial cell divisions.

The planar orientation of cell division (OCD) is important for epithelial morphogenesis and homeostasis. We ask how mechanics and antero-posterior (AP) patterning combine to influence the first divisions after gastrulation in the Drosophila embryonic epithelium. We analyse hundreds of cell divisions and show that stress anisotropy, notably from compressive forces, can reorient division directly in metaphase. Stress anisotropy influences the OCD by imposing cell elongation, despite mitotic rounding and over-riding interphase cell elongation. In strongly elongated cells, the mitotic spindle adapts its length to, and hence its orientation is constrained by, the cell long axis. Alongside mechanical cues, there is a tissue-wide bias of the mitotic spindle orientation towards AP-patterned planar polarised Myosin-II. This spindle bias is lost in an AP-patterning mutant. Thus, a patterning-induced mitotic spindle orientation bias over-rides mechanical cues in mildly elongated cells but the spindle is constrained to the high stress axis in strongly elongated cells.

Birefringence mapping of biological tissues based on polarization sensitive non-interferometric quantitative phase imaging technique.

OBJECTIVE: Oral cancer is a leading cause of mortality globally, particularly affecting developing regions where oral hygiene is often overlooked. The optical properties of tissues are vital for diagnostics, with polarization imaging emerging as a label-free, contrast-enhancing technique widely employed in medical and scientific research over past few decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present a novel polarization sensitive quantitative phase imaging of biological tissues by incorporating the conventional polarization microscope and transport of intensity equation-based phase retrieval algorithm. This integration provides access to the birefringence mapping of biological tissues. The inherent optical anisotropy in biological tissues induces the polarization dependent refractive index variations which can provide the detailed insights into the birefringence characteristics of their extracellular constituents. Experimental investigations were conducted on both normal and cancerous oral tissue samples by recording a set of three polarization intensity images for each case with a step size of 2 µm. RESULTS: A noteworthy increment in birefringence quantification was observed in cancerous as compared to the normal tissues, attributed to the proliferation of abnormal cells during cancer progression. The mean birefringence values were calculated for both normal and cancerous tissues, revealing a significant increase in birefringence of cancerous tissues (2.1±0.2) ×10-2 compared to normal tissues (0.8±0.2) ×10-2. Data were collected from 8 patients in each group under identical experimental conditions. CONCLUSION: This polarization sensitive non-interferometric optical approach demonstrated effective discrimination between cancerous and normal tissues, with various parameters indicating elevated values in cancerous tissues.

Three-Dimensional Columnar Microstructure Representation Using 2D Electron Backscatter Diffraction Data for Additive-Manufactured Haynes®282®.

This study provides a methodology for exploring the microstructural and mechanical properties of the Haynes®282® alloy produced via the Powder Bed Fusion-Electron Beam (PBF-EB) process. Employing 2D Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) data, we have successfully generated 3D representations of columnar microstructures using the Representative Volume Element (RVE) method. This methodology allowed for the validation of elastic properties through Crystal Elasticity Finite Element (CEFE) computational homogenization, revealing critical insights into the material behavior. This study highlights the importance of accurately representing the grain morphology and crystallographic texture of the material. Our findings demonstrate that created virtual models can predict directional elastic properties with a high level of accuracy, showing a maximum error of only ~5% compared to the experimental results. This precision underscores the potential of our approach for predictive modeling in Additive Manufacturing (AM), specifically for materials with complex, non-homogeneous microstructures. It can be concluded that the results uncover the intricate link between microstructural features and mechanical properties, underscoring both the challenges encountered and the critical need for the accurate representation of grain data, as well as the significance of achieving a balance in EBSD area selection, including the presence of anomalies in strongly textured microstructures.

Cryo-EM Map Anisotropy Can Be Attenuated by Map Post-Processing and a New Method for Its Estimation.

One of the most important challenges in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is the substantial number of samples that exhibit preferred orientations, which leads to an uneven coverage of the projection sphere. As a result, the overall quality of the reconstructed maps can be severely affected, as manifested by the presence of anisotropy in the map resolution. Several methods have been proposed to measure the directional resolution of maps in tandem with experimental protocols to address the problem of preferential orientations in cryo-EM. Following these works, in this manuscript we identified one potential limitation that may affect most of the existing methods and we proposed an alternative approach to evaluate the presence of preferential orientations in cryo-EM reconstructions. In addition, we also showed that some of the most recently proposed cryo-EM map post-processing algorithms can attenuate map anisotropy, thus offering alternative visualization opportunities for cases affected by moderate levels of preferential orientations.

Developing Porous Fibrin Scaffolds with Tunable Anisotropic Features to Direct Myoblast Orientation.

Functional regeneration of anisotropically aligned tissues such as ligaments, microvascular networks, myocardium, or skeletal muscle requires a temporal and spatial series of biochemical and biophysical cues to direct cell functions that promote native tissue regeneration. When these cues are lost during traumatic injuries such as volumetric muscle loss (VML), scar formation occurs, limiting the regenerative capacity of the tissue. Currently, autologous tissue transfer is the gold standard for treating injuries such as VML but can result in adverse outcomes including graft failure, donor site morbidity, and excessive scarring. Tissue-engineered scaffolds composed of biomaterials, cells, or both have been investigated to promote functional tissue regeneration but are still limited by inadequate tissue ingrowth. These scaffolds should provide precisely tuned topographies and stiffnesses using proregenerative materials to encourage tissue-specific functions such as myoblast orientation, followed by aligned myotube formation and recovery of functional contraction. In this study, we describe the design and characterization of novel porous fibrin scaffolds with anisotropic microarchitectural features that recapitulate the native tissue microenvironment and offer a promising approach for regeneration of aligned tissues. We used directional freeze-casting with varied fibrin concentrations and freezing temperatures to produce scaffolds with tunable degrees of anisotropy and strut widths. Nanoindentation analyses showed that the moduli of our fibrin scaffolds varied as a function of fibrin concentration and were consistent with native skeletal muscle tissue. Quantitative morphometric analyses of myoblast cytoskeletons on scaffold microarchitectures demonstrated enhanced cell alignment as a function of microarchitectural morphology. The ability to precisely control the anisotropic features of fibrin scaffolds promises to provide a powerful tool for directing aligned tissue ingrowth and enhance functional regeneration of tissues such as skeletal muscle.

Boosting the Curie temperature of GaN monolayer through van der Waals heterostructures.

The pursuit of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with high Curie temperature and strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is vital to the advancement of next generation spintronic devices. First-principles calculations are used to study the electronic structures and magnetic characteristics of GaN/VS2vdW heterostructure under biaxial strain and electrostatic doping. Our findings show that a ferromagnetic ground state with a remarkable Curie temperature (477 K), much above room temperature, exists in GaN/VS2vdW heterostructure and 100% spin polarization efficiency. Additionally, GaN/VS2vdW heterostructure still maintains perpendicular magnetic anisotropy under biaxial strain, which is indispensable for high-density information storage. We further explore the electron, magnetic, and transport properties of VS2/GaN/VS2vdW sandwich heterostructure, where the magnetoresistivity can reach as high as 40%. Our research indicates that the heterostructure constructed by combining the ferromagnet VS2and the non-magnetic semiconductor GaN is a promising material for vdW spin valve devices at room temperature. .

Visual field asymmetries in visual word form identification.

Visual performance across the visual fields interacts with visual tasks and visual stimuli, and visual resolution decreases as a function of eccentricity, varying at isoeccentric locations. In this study, we investigated the extent of asymmetry and the rate of change in visual acuity threshold for visual word form (VWF) identification at horizontal and vertical azimuths across the fovea, and at eccentricities of 1°, 2°, 4°, 6° and 8° for 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% contrast levels, to determine whether and how the eccentricities, meridians, and contrasts modulated the VWF identification acuity threshold. The stimuli were 16 traditional Chinese characters of similar legibility. Participants pressed a key to indicate the character presented, either monocularly or binocularly, at one of 21 randomly selected locations. A staircase procedure was used to determine the threshold, and a multiple linear regression model was used to fit the linear cortical magnification factor (CMF). We found that (1) the asymmetry was most pronounced on the vertical and superior azimuths, (2) the asymmetry between the right and left azimuths was not significant, (3) the CMF was significantly smaller on the vertical azimuth than on the horizontal azimuth, (4) the CMF was smaller on the superior vertical azimuth than on the inferior azimuth, and (5) monocular viewing and low contrast enhanced the CMF difference between azimuths. In conclusion, vertical and horizontal azimuths, location of eccentricity, contrast levels of word symbols, and monocular/binocular viewing have different effects on visual field asymmetry and cortical magnification factors.

Achieving Ultra-Broad Microwave Absorption Bandwidth Around Millimeter-Wave Atmospheric Window Through an Intentional Manipulation on Multi-Magnetic Resonance Behavior.

The utilization of electromagnetic waves is rapidly advancing into the millimeter-wave frequency range, posing increasingly severe challenges in terms of electromagnetic pollution prevention and radar stealth. However, existing millimeter-wave absorbers are still inadequate in addressing these issues due to their monotonous magnetic resonance pattern. In this work, rare-earth La3+ and non-magnetic Zr4+ ions are simultaneously incorporated into M-type barium ferrite (BaM) to intentionally manipulate the multi-magnetic resonance behavior. By leveraging the contrary impact of La3+ and Zr4+ ions on magnetocrystalline anisotropy field, the restrictive relationship between intensity and frequency of the multi-magnetic resonance is successfully eliminated. The magnetic resonance peak-differentiating and imitating results confirm that significant multi-magnetic resonance phenomenon emerges around 35 GHz due to the reinforced exchange coupling effect between Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions. Additionally, Mössbauer spectra analysis, first-principle calculations, and least square fitting collectively identify that additional La3+ doping leads to a profound rearrangement of Zr4+ occupation and thus makes the portion of polarization/conduction loss increase gradually. As a consequence, the La3+-Zr4+ co-doped BaM achieves an ultra-broad bandwidth of 12.5 + GHz covering from 27.5 to 40 + GHz, which holds remarkable potential for millimeter-wave absorbers around the atmospheric window of 35 GHz.

Molecularly Thin 2D Organic Single Crystals: A New Platform for High-Performance Polarization-Sensitive Phototransistors.

The inherent linear dichroism (LD), high absorption, and solution processability of organic semiconductors hold immense potential to revolutionize polarized light detection. However, the disordered molecular packing inherent to polycrystalline thin films obscures their intrinsic diattenuation, resulting in diminished polarization sensitivity. In this study, we develop filter-free organic polarization-sensitive phototransistors (PSPs) with both a high linear dichroic ratio (LDR) and exceptional photosensitivity utilizing molecularly thin dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene derivatives (DTT-8) two-dimensional molecular crystals (2DMCs) as the active layer. The orderly molecular packing in 2DMCs amplifies the inherent LD, and their molecular-scale thickness enables complete channel depletion, significantly reducing the dark current. As a result, PSPs with an impressive LDR of 3.15 and a photosensitivity reaching 3.02 × 106 are obtained. These findings present a practical demonstration of using the polarization angle as an encryption key in optical communication, showcasing the potential of 2DMCs as a viable and promising category of semiconductors for filter-free, polarization-sensitive photodetectors.